Human factors integration
Getting cognitive requirements for system design right
Document | Author Shirley Brennen and Victoria Doherty |
Abstract Recently, the Ministry of Defence (MOD) updated guidance on the application of human factors in system acquisition. During that process, a number of gaps were identified. The aim of this study was to address one of the gaps by providing the MOD with a generic process that would allow them to: determine the cognitive capabilities required for accurate system operation; and measure the current cognitive capabilities of a proposed user group to inform the design or selection of any military system. Building on an analysis of cognitive literature, and an understanding of military tasks, a framework was derived for the classification of cognitive abilities. By combining the framework with guidance and best practice, a simple process for deriving and incorporating cognitive requirements into military system development was created. This process extends the current standardised approach, providing a holistic approach to human factors in system design. |
Human system integration in the design of a new high-speed rail system
Document | Author Arzoo Naghiyev, Anthony Coplestone, Kathryn Montgomery & Hussien Aied |
Abstract High Speed 2 (HS2) will be a highly automated rail system, which adds greater complexity to a complex socio-technical system, with potential unanticipated consequences. The Human System Integration workstream is at an early stage and the proposed methodology will allow the identification and management of Human Factors risk profiles associated to each function of the HS2 railway throughout the HS2 design lifecycle, as well as for the identified HS2 Operational Scenarios. |
Human factors and the digital railway: Effecting and managing change through innovation and integration
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Author Richard Bye |
Abstract With an infrastructure operating at full capacity, a testing political climate, and a mix of government, regulatory and public pressures, the GB railway is under more strain and scrutiny than ever before. Currently, more than 4.8 million journeys are made across the network every day, a number which is forecasted to increase by around 40% over the next 20 years. As such, the complex sociotechnical system that makes up Britain’s railway is in a constant state of flux, continually evolving to meet the everchanging demands of today, whilst anticipating the myriad needs of tomorrow. Without proactive interventions, the predicted growth in passenger journeys will erode the resilience of the railway, especially on the busiest parts of the network that are already characterised by an extreme density of train services. Passengers expect, and should receive, a right-time rail service all day, every day. However, minor disruptions frequently lead to congestion and delays, and result in losses to public satisfaction and confidence. Technological interventions to optimise system performance, whilst maintaining a continuous focus on passenger, workforce and public safety, require a robust and coordinated approach from the ergonomics and human factors (human factors) community. Human factors practitioners, in collaboration with frontline rail staff, engineers, system architects and policy makers, can innovate through practice and research to integrate digital railway (DR) technologies, and reduce environmental stressors, whilst maximising the return on investments at every level of the sociotechnical system. This work illustrates the application of systems ergonomics to the delivery of DR technologies within safety-critical work environments. The DR project is focused on deploying new technology to maximise train capacity on the existing infrastructure. To do this requires a comprehensive programme of human factors integration to effect the necessary cultural and organisational changes, and in doing so develop appropriate policies, regulations, standards and plans. |
Human Factors Integration (HFI) in UK Healthcare: a route map for 1 year, 5 years, 10 years and 20 years
Document | Author Sue HIGNETT, Will TUTTON, Kerry TATLOCK |
Abstract This paper reflects on Human Factors Integration (HFI) to consider how Human Factors/Ergonomics has influenced Defence activities, and could influence safety and performance in Healthcare activities. A workshop with 16 Chartered Institute of Ergonomics & Human Factors members was held in July 2016 to discuss and propose a Route Map for HFI in the UK National Health Service. The results set out achievable targets for 1, 5, 10 and 20 years culminating in mandatory HFI to achieve a resilient system for safety culture and work load. |
Human Factors Integration Strategy: Embedding Human Factors in Practice within Healthcare
Document | Author Eva-Maria Carman, Giulia Miles, Bryn Baxendale, Emma Smith & Owen Bennett |
Abstract Despite identifying the need for enhancing the use of Human Factors and Ergonomics in healthcare about 20 years ago, progress to date has been slow. A cohesive strategy is required that aligns these methods and expertise with established improvement, transformation and organisational development programmes and which is synergistic with existing work that seeks to address local system and organisational priorities. This paper describes progress to date and proposed future steps for the integration of Human Factors and Ergonomics in one large NHS Hospital Trust. |
Integrating Human Factors within a large NHS Trust
H-FIT: Assessing the human factors impact of proposed changes to the railway
Document | Author Nora Balfe |
Abstract This paper describes the background, development, and content of a new tool, H-FIT, to assess the likely human factors impact of proposed railway change projects. The tool provides a structured approach to identifying the scope and requirements for human factors integration at early project stages, around which the human factors activities can be specified and planned. The core of the tool is 14 design scope factors which range from planned changes to the work environment, to the introduction of new HMIs, and changes in working hours. These design scope factors are linked to physical and organisational design outcomes, such as accessibility, usability, and fatigue. Human factors goals can be set for each area of design scope against the related design outcomes. |
Point Merge: Increasing Human-System Integration in Air Traffic Management
Document | Author Shane Kenny & Wen-Chin Li |
Abstract Through consideration of human-system integration (HSI) during airspace design, ATCOs who operate in a Point Merge environment can benefit from increased situational awareness, reduced workload and increased performance levels (Eurocontrol, 2021). This short paper outlines the advantages of implementing Point Merge operations to increase ATM safety, by considering the role of the ATCO and the importance of HSI when implementing air traffic control procedures. |