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Author Sarah Kusumastuti, Julia Lo, Tom Kolkman, Simone Borsci |
| Abstract This paper outlines the utilisation of a human-in-the-loop simulation of rail operations as part of Europe’s Rail Joint Undertaking (ERJU) research on Automatic Train Operations-Traffic Management System (ATO-TMS). An experiment was designed to study performance and communication of train traffic controllers, network controllers, and train drivers under Automated Train Operations (ATO) Grade of Automation (GoA) level 2 systems compared to a system with no ATO implementation. Results indicate that workload appear to be higher for traffic control operators in GoA level 2. There are no differences in communications and collaboration among traffic control room operators nor between traffic control and train drivers compared to the current system. Operators’ trust in automation was lower after experiencing the simulation. Qualitative feedback indicate that most traffic control operators perceive limited improvements offered by GoA 2, and so do most train drivers, who express stronger negative reactions. Overall, the simulation managed to provide rail operators with an impression of how automated systems can impact their communication and way of working. |
